![]() The sheer number of guns fired broadside meant a ship of the line could wreck any wooden enemy, holing her hull, knocking down masts, wrecking her rigging, and killing her crew. From 1794, the alternative term 'line of battle ship' was contracted (informally at first) to 'battle ship' or 'battleship'. Main article: Ship of the line Napoléon (1850), the world's first steam-powered battleshipĪ ship of the line was a large, unarmored wooden sailing ship which mounted a battery of up to 120 smoothbore guns and carronades, which came to prominence with the adoption of line of battle tactics in the early 17th century and the end of the sailing battleship's heyday in the 1830s. Many World War II-era battleships remain today as museum ships. Four battleships were retained by the United States Navy until the end of the Cold War for fire support purposes and were last used in combat during the Gulf War in 1991, and then struck from the U.S. ![]() The growing range of naval engagements led to the aircraft carrier replacing the battleship as the leading capital ship during World War II, with the last battleship to be launched being HMS Vanguard in 1944. Even in spite of their huge firepower and protection, battleships were increasingly vulnerable to much smaller and relatively inexpensive weapons: initially the torpedo and the naval mine, and later attack aircraft and the guided missile. There were few of the decisive fleet battles that battleship proponents expected and used to justify the vast resources spent on building battlefleets. The value of the battleship has been questioned, even during their heyday. Both the Allied and Axis powers built battleships during World War II, though the increasing importance of the aircraft carrier meant that the battleship played a less important role than had been expected in that conflict. The Naval Treaties of the 1920s and 1930s limited the number of battleships, though technical innovation in battleship design continued. Jutland was the largest naval battle and the only full-scale clash of dreadnoughts of the war, and it was the last major battle in naval history fought primarily by battleships. ![]() Three major fleet actions between steel battleships took place: the long-range gunnery duel at the Battle of the Yellow Sea in 1904, the decisive Battle of Tsushima in 1905 (both during the Russo-Japanese War) and the inconclusive Battle of Jutland in 1916, during the First World War. The launch of Dreadnought in 1906 commenced a new naval arms race. A global arms race in battleship construction began in Europe in the 1890s and culminated at the decisive Battle of Tsushima in 1905, the outcome of which significantly influenced the design of HMS Dreadnought. Subsequent battleship designs, influenced by HMS Dreadnought, were referred to as " dreadnoughts", though the term eventually became obsolete as dreadnoughts became the only type of battleship in common use.īattleships dominated naval warfare in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and were a symbol of naval dominance and national might, and for decades were a major intimidation factor for power projection in both diplomacy and military strategy. In 1906, the commissioning of HMS Dreadnought into the United Kingdom's Royal Navy heralded a revolution in the field of battleship design. The term battleship came into use in the late 1880s to describe a type of ironclad warship, now referred to by historians as pre-dreadnought battleships. ![]() Before the rise of supercarriers, battleships were among the largest and most formidable weapon systems ever built. The firepower of a battleship's main armament demonstrated by USS Iowa unleashing a broadside volley, during which the muzzle blasts from its 16-inch main guns distort the surrounding ocean surface.Ī battleship is a large, heavily armored warship with a main battery consisting of large- caliber guns, designed to serve as capital ships with the most intense firepower. For other uses, see Battleship (disambiguation). For other types of military ships, see warship. This article is about the class of warship.
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